What is ADHD?
ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is a condition that begins in childhood and can continue into adulthood if it is not addressed early (see ADHD in adults). Children with ADHD find it hard to pay attention, to stay still, or to stop and think before acting, much more so than other children their age.
These difficulties show up in at least two different places, for example at home and at school, not just in one setting.
Signs to look for
Attention
- Makes careless mistakes
- Cannot concentrate; easily distracted
- Leaves schoolwork or homework unfinished; forgets daily tasks
- Does not follow instructions
- Often loses pencils, books or toys
- Does not seem to listen when spoken to
Hyperactivity & impulsivity
- Always on the move, running or climbing when they should be seated
- Fidgets and squirms
- Finds it hard to play or work quietly
- Talks a lot, blurts out answers, interrupts
- Finds it hard to wait for their turn
What causes ADHD?
ADHD is linked to genetics, and to factors such as smoking, alcohol or drug use and exposure to harmful chemicals during pregnancy, low birth weight and brain injury.
ADHD is not caused by eating sugar, watching TV, mobile phones or poor parenting, though these can make symptoms worse.
How is it treated?
The foundations matter: healthy meals, daily physical activity, play with other children, less screen time and good sleep. On top of these, ADHD is managed with behaviour therapy, parenting techniques and occupational therapy. For some children, a doctor may also prescribe medication.
With the right support, children learn to focus for longer, manage their impulses, and do well at school and with friends.
How I can help
- Assessment of attention, behaviour and learning, including checking for learning difficulties that often occur alongside ADHD
- Parent training in practical behaviour techniques for home
- Routines and strategies to build attention, organisation and self-control
- Classroom strategies and guidance for teachers
- Counselling for parents and for adolescents
- Referral to a paediatrician or child psychiatrist when medication may help
When to reach out
Speak to a professional if these behaviours have lasted several months, are seen both at home and at school, and are affecting your child’s learning, friendships or family life.
This guide is for general awareness and is not a diagnosis. Every child is different. Please consult a qualified professional about your child.